The OSI and TCP/IP models are both used to explain how data moves across a network, and they share the same overall goal: making communication between systems work smoothly. A big similarity is that both models use a layered approach, meaning each layer has a specific job, and both help with troubleshooting and understanding how networks function. They also both include comparable functions like routing, data transmission, and application-level communication, even if they organize them differently.
The main difference is how detailed they are. The OSI model has seven layers, which makes it more detailed and useful for learning, teaching, and troubleshooting specific network issues. In contrast, the TCP/IP model has only four layers, which combine several OSI layers together. Another key difference is usage: OSI is more of a theoretical model, while TCP/IP is a practical model that’s actually used on the internet today. Also, the OSI model clearly separates services like presentation and session layers, while TCP/IP groups those functions into the application layer, making it simpler but less granular.
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