Role of authentication in access control
Authentication is basically the “ID check” part of access control. Before a system decides what you’re allowed to do, it needs to make sure you are who you say you are.
Think of it like this: when you enter a building, the security guard asks for your ID. That’s authentication. Once they know it’s really you, they check what rooms you’re allowed to go into — that’s access control.
In computers and networks, authentication can be:
Passwords or PINs – something you know
Biometrics – something you are (like a fingerprint or face scan)
Tokens or smart cards – something you have
Without authentication, access control can’t work properly, because the system wouldn’t know which permissions to give you.
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